Spea multiplicata distribution. Jul 9, 2018 · Phenotypic plasticity may play a role in initiating novelty. , 36: 302–314, on the basis of guesses at the future of Spea evolution considered Spea hammondii and Spea multiplicata to be conspecific. Taxonomic Notes: Spea multiplicata formerly was included in this species, which is frequently considered a synonym of S. Download scientific diagram | Range maps for Spea multiplicata and S. I experimentally evaluated this hypothesis by feeding omnivorous spadefoot toad tadpoles (Spea bombifrons, Spea multiplicata, and Scaphiopus couchii) either conspecific tadpoles or an equal mass of three different species of heterospecific prey, all of which contained naturally occurring bacteria. These habitat maps are created by applying a deductive habitat model to remotely-sensed data layers within a species' range. The effects of an acute stressor on regional brain alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (a-MSH) content in the New Mexican spadefoot toad, Spea multiplicata is examined to suggest that the stress-induced alteration in neuronal melanocortin activity may influence the behavior of the toad and how they gather information about their environment. The species occurs from western Oklahoma to Arizona and southward to Guerrero and Oaxaca, Mexico. Burmeister • Nov 6, 2013 · Fig. Dubois, 1987 "1986", Alytes, 5: 130, regarded Spea as a subgenus of Scaphiopus. bombifrons. Spea — From Greek speos (σπέος), meaning “cave,” likely referring to the burrowing behavior of these toads. According to Osnaya Becerril (2017), S. This work suggests that the stress-induced AArk, amphibian, conservation, population, assessment, Amphibian ArkView summarized version Spea multiplicata Southern Spadefoot, New Mexico Spadefoot Order:AnuraFamily:Scaphiopodidae Synonym (s): Scaphiopus multiplicatus Assessed for:United States on:26 Oct 2012 by:AArk/ASG Assessment Workshop IUCN Global Red List:Least Concern (LC) National Red List:(not assessed) Distribution:Mexico, United Click on a picture to see a larger version in a different window Spea multiplicata (New Mexico Spadefoot) is a species of amphibians in the family American spadefoot toads. Like other species of spadefoot toads, they get their name from a spade -like projection on their hind legs which allows them to dig into sandy soils. We examined the effects of an acute stressor on regional alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (αMSH) content in the New Mexican spadefoot toad, Spea multiplicata. MethodsUsing multiple modelling techniques, we first estimated the potential distribution of central and western North American fairy shrimp species (Crustacea: Anostraca) and two western spadefoot toad species (Spea bombifrons and Spea multiplicata). 5 inches (6. Spadefoot toad tadpoles, Spea multiplicata, often deviate from their normal development and produce a morphologically distinctive carnivore-morph phenotype, which specializes on anostracan fairy shrimp. Spea multiplicata can be identified by its wedge-shaped spade. multiplicata had a good AUC (train AUC: 0. Graham, Mark W. Like other spadefoots, the Mexican spadefoot has large eyes and a short Spea multiplicata (Cope, 1863) Mexican Spadefoot, New Mexico Spadefoot family: Scaphiopodidae genus: Spea The plains spadefoot toad (Spea bombifrons) is a species of American spadefoot toad which ranges from southwestern Canada, throughout the Great Plains of the western United States, and into northern Mexico. Reference: How to cite this resource - Schoch CL, et al. Spea multiplicata male observed in an urban habitat in Metepec, Estado de México, Mexico. The iris is slightly This dataset represents a species habitat distribution model for Mexican Spadefoot. The iris is slightly Apr 10, 2023 · Taxonomic Etymology: Named for its variable patterning and high intraspecific variation. Major skeletal elements of Scaphiopus couchii, modern specimen, and urococcyx of a modern Spea multiplicata. Spea — From Greek σπαθη (spathē) = “blade” or “spade”. They are associated with sandy or The New Mexico spadefoot toad (Spea multiplicata) is a species of American spadefoot toad found in the southwestern United States and Mexico. e. multiplicata — From Latin multiplicatus, meaning “manifold” or “much-varied. To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see Mar 30, 2012 · We use two species of congeneric spadefoot toads, Spea multiplicata and S. Some sources also refer to Spea multiplicata (多褶旱掘蟾)是 北美锄足蟾科 科中 两栖动物 的一个种。 EOL有 29个属性 数据，包括： Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions Middle America. These competitive differences apparently stem from differences between species in foraging behavior. Here, we produce a draft genome for the Mexican spadefoot toad, Spea multiplicata, which is a member of an unsequenced anuran clade. Jul 1, 2020 · Spea multiplicata (Cope, 1863) es un sapo de amplia dis tribuci ón, se encuentra en matorrales xeró los, bosques templados, praderas, pastizales y campos de cultivo Distribution and Habitat. multiplicata was the only Spea species present (see Appendix 1). Consequently, they possess many unique May 11, 2024 · Many organisms facultatively produce different phenotypes depending on their environment, yet relatively little is known about the genetic bases of such plasticity in natural populations. Spea bombifrons plains spadefoot (Also: Sapo-de espuelas de las planicies) By Tanya Dewey Geographic Range Habitat Physical Description Development Reproduction Lifespan/Longevity Behavior Communication and Perception Food Habits Predation Ecosystem Roles Economic Importance for Humans: Positive Economic Importance for Humans: Negative Spea multiplicata Range Large range throughout the southwest, including most of Arizona, southeastern Utah, southern Colorado, western Oklahoma, western Texas, and all of New Mexico. Database (Oxford). As in Bufo, the activity of melanocortin neurons is altered during stress. Some people also call this toad the Mexican spadefoot Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology Benthic. Social signals increase monoamine levels in the tegmentum of juvenile Mexican spadefoot toads (Spea multiplicata) Vero ́nica G. S. 顯示所有紀錄 This page offers information about the New Mexico state amphibian, the New Mexico spadefoot toad (Spea multiplicata), and its adoption as the official state amphibian. Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions Middle America. multiplicata is tolerant to anthropogenic disturbances and Nat. Individuals can grow to 63. Their name, in part, comes from their The New Mexico spadefoot toad (Spea multiplicata ) is a species of American spadefoot toad found in the southwestern United States and Mexico. Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Sinh thái học . We first used immunocytochemistry along with radio-immunoassay (RIA) to examine the distribution of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons in the brain of Spea. Herr, and Laine Giovanetto (SRSU-D 81). Rodriguez Moncalvo • Sabrina S. The dorsal color is uniformly brown or dark gray with small dark spots or blotches and red-tipped tubercles scattered over the dorsum, and no dorsolateral stripes are present. 15196° N, 103. 1 (left). Sep 24, 2025 · Two closely-related species now known as the Great Basin spadefoot (Spea intermontana) and the Mexican spadefoot (Spea multiplicata) were previously considered to be conspecifics (i. 35 cm) The Mexican Spadefoot Toad lives in the southwestern ABSTRACT Frogs and toads (anurans) are widely used to study many biological processes. Neurons immunoreactive for αMSH, β-endorphin, and corticotropin were Oct 20, 2023 · Our focal species, the Mexican spadefoot toad, Spea multiplicata, has evolved a novel form of plasticity: a larval resource polyphenism (Ledón-Rettig & Pfennig, 2011; Pfennig, 1992a; Figure 1a). multiplicata) were collected in amplexus from a newly formed, temporary pond near Portal Arizona (“PO2-N Pond”) and transported to the nearby Southwestern of the Mexican Spadefoot Toad have been recorded in other urban locations in the city of Metepec. Faits de base sur Spea multiplicata : durée de vie, distribution et carte de l'habitat, mode de vie et comportement social, habitudes d'accouplement, régime alimentaire et nutrition, taille et statut de la population. bombifrons, as our study system. Like other species of spadefoot toad, they get their name from a distinctive spade-like projections on their hind legs which enable them to dig in sandy soils. Atypically for amphibians, spadefoots inhabit deserts. multiplicata. Here, we produce a draft genome for the Mexican spadefoot toad, Spea multiplicata, which Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology Benthic. We first used immunocytochemistry along with radioimmunoassay (RIA) to examine the distribution of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons in the brain of Spea. It stretches south through central Mexico. multiplicata can be easily mistaken for Spea bombifrons. They are nocturnalcarnivores. Neurons immunoreactive for ɑMSH, β-endorphin, and corticotropin Spea multiplicata (Cope, 1863) Mexican Spadefoot, New Mexico Spadefoot family: Scaphiopodidae genus: Spea The New Mexico spadefoot toad (Spea multiplicata) is a species of American spadefoot toad found in the southwestern United States and Mexico. Melanocortins have been implicated in the control of visual learning in toads. The New Mexico spadefoot toad has a unique wedge-shaped spade. Neurons immunoreactive for αMSH, β-endorphin, and corticotropin Abstract We examined the effects of an acute stressor on regional alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alphaMSH) content in the New Mexican spadefoot toad, Spea multiplicata. New record. Consequently, they possess many unique Spea multiplicata carnivores and omnivores were generated for a previously published transcriptomic study (Levis et al. and Crustacea: Anostraca. Upper row, left to right: ilium, tibiofibula, humerus, radioulna, femur, and coracoid; lower row, braincase, urococcyx of Scaphiopus couchii, and urococcyx of Spea multiplicata. Faint light stripes may be present on the back and sides, and red-tipped tubercles are scattered over the back and head. They have sexual reproduction. ” Refers to the species’ wide range of dorsal pattern and color variation across its distribution. Mar 1, 2001 · We examined the effects of an acute stressor on regional alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (αMSH) content in the New Mexican spadefoot toad, Spea multiplicata. bombifrons and S. ABSTRACT Frogs and toads (anurans) are widely used to study many biological processes. , subspecies) of Spea hammondii, but differences in morphology, breeding behavior, and reproductive biology indicate that they are reproductively isolated and Distribution of Neuronal Alpha MSH in Spea Multiplicata: Effects of Stress Spea multiplicata and S. Like other species of spadefoot toad, they get their name from a distinctive spade -like projections on their hind legs, which enable them to dig in sandy soils. Aug 12, 2024 · Spea multiplicata - S3 File Index -- S3 Interactive Viewer -- NCBI Taxonomy Browser - No image Raw Data by Technology Comments Similar species: S. 5 inches in length. Consequently, they possess many unique Mexican Spadefoot Spea multiplicata stagnalis Description: Gray, cream, or tan base color. See also Tanner, 1989, Great Basin Nat. Spea multiplicata (Cope, 1863) (Fig. ” Refers to the MEXICAN SPADEFOOT Spea multiplicata DESCRIPTION: Large adult Mexican spadefoots are about 2. , subspecies) of Spea hammondii, but differences in morphology, breeding behavior, and reproductive biology indicate that they are reproductively isolated and Distribution of Neuronal Alpha MSH in Spea Multiplicata: Effects of Stress Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生态学 . You can find it in the southwestern United States and Mexico. LocationNorth America. Spea multiplicata is the superior competitor for detritus, whereas S. Yet, few anuran genomes have been sequenced, limiting research on these organisms. Both species spend most of the year underground, and emerge to breed in ephemeral ponds that form after summer rains [30]. Tanner recognized Spea stagnalis Cope as the northern (Arizona to central Chihuahua) subspecies of his Spea hammondii, which is here, on the basis of phylogenetic evidence presented by Wiens and Titus, considered to be part of Spea multiplicatus. We evaluated whether maternal investment influences expression of this novel phenotype. Frogs and toads (anurans) are widely used to study many biological processes. Some sources also refer to the The New Mexico spadefoot toad (Spea multiplicata) is a species of American spadefoot toad found in the southwestern United States and Mexico. from publication: Why Do Species Co 定義： The largest scale biogeographic division of the earth's surface based on the historic and evolutionary distribution patterns of plants and animals. Here, we test this prediction in tadpoles of spadefoot toads, Spea multiplicata. 88), but more occurrences used for testing were omitted under the threshold (Table 1). It has no boss between the eyes, and the eyelids are wider than the space between them. NCBI Taxonomy: a comprehensive update on curation, resources and tools. The New Mexico spadefoot toad (Spea multiplicata) is a type of American spadefoot toad. multiplicata and S. A short wedge-shaped spade is present on each hind foot. Using its hind feet, the spadefoot toad burrows deep underground to avoid dehydration. Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology Benthic. PubMed: 32761142 PMC: PMC7408187 Below is a list of additional information and media on this taxon. , 49: 503–510, for discussion of interageneric relationships. They rely on saltation to move around. Map of Spea multiplicata population locations. Scattered dark spots on the dorsal; several of which have orange or red centers. Consequently, they possess many unique Methods Using multiple modelling techniques, we first estimated the potential distribution of central and western North American fairy shrimp species (Crustacea: Anostraca) and two western spadefoot toad species (Spea bombifrons and Spea multiplicata). Sep 15, 2024 · INEGI. For that study, three pairs of Mexican spadefoot toads (S. 5 mm. They are found in The Nearctic and The Neotropics. Pfennig) Feb 7, 2024 · Etymology: Named for its variable patterning and high intraspecific variation. The New Mexico spadefoot toad, or Spea multiplicata, is named for the sharpedged scrapers on the underside of its hind feet. 35 cm) The Mexican Spadefoot Toad lives in the southwestern ABSTRACT Audrey Lengel Kelly: VARIATION AND HYBRIDIZATION IN THE SPADEFOOT TOADS SPEA MULTIPLICATA AND SPEA BOMBIFRONS (Under the direction of Karin S. Neurons immunoreactive for alphaMSH, beta-endorphin, and ABSTRACT Frogs and toads (anurans) are widely used to study many biological processes. 1) ranges from southwest Utah and southern Colorado, western Arizona to western Oklahoma and west Texas to Guerrero and Oaxaca, Mexico (Stebbins and McGinnis Based on species distribution modeling, we have predicted that opportunities for hybridization will increase in the eastern half of the hybrid zone but decrease in the western half, due to geographic variation in how climate change will impact chickadee ranges (McQuillan & Rice 2015). bombifrons inhabit arid regions of western North America [29]. Newly metamorphosed toadlets which have been in preservative for long periods of time are difficult to distinguish. This study provides evidence for selection on phenotypic plasticity leading to the evolution of a carnivore morph tadpole, which This page offers information about the New Mexico state amphibian, the New Mexico spadefoot toad (Spea multiplicata), and its adoption as the official state amphibian. We collected S. Depending on their environment . I conclude that the distribution of neuronal melanocortins in Spea resembles the pattern observed in Bufo, with an exception of the preoptic cell group, which has not been observed in latter species. Environment: milieu / climate zone / تغييرات عمق / distribution range بوم شناسي . Spea tadpoles typically develop into an “omnivore” morph, which eats detritus, algae, and plankton. It has been previously demonstrated in Bufo sp Abstract We examined the effects of an acute stressor on regional alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (ɑMSH) content in the New Mexican spadefoot toad, Spea multiplicata. Description Spea multiplicata is a small rotund frog. 60198° W; WGS84), 17 August 2016, Sean P. 1882. 2020: baaa062. Black circles, west allopatric populations; white circle, central/west allopatric population; triangles The Paleobiology Database As Spea multiplicata (Cope, 1863) The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species As Spea multiplicata (Cope, 1863) Lista de la herpetofauna con distribución en México As Spea multiplicata (Cope, 1863) Spea multiplicata Range Large range throughout the southwest, including most of Arizona, southeastern Utah, southern Colorado, western Oklahoma, western Texas, and all of New Mexico. Inset at upper left indicates map region. , 2021). To test these hypotheses, we created ecological niche models (specifically using Maxent) for both species to create a map of the joint probability of occurrence of both species. We then created a shrimp species richness map by aggregating individual species estimates. Taxon: Amphibia: Spea spp. Aug 9, 2001 · Abstract. Click on a picture for a larger view Chihuahuan Desert Spadefoot - Spea multiplicata stagnalis (Cope, 1875) (New Mexican Spadefoot - Spea multiplicata) Search this website Disclaimer: The NCBI taxonomy database is not an authoritative source for nomenclature or classification - please consult the relevant scientific literature for the most reliable information. They are brown, grayish-green, or grayish-brown with dark spots or blotches on the back. In this study, we describe the genetic variation underlying an extreme form of plasticity––resource polyphenism––in Mexican spadefoot toad tadpoles, Spea multiplicata. Spea is a Latinized form referencing the keratinous spade-like projection on the hind feet, which these frogs use for burrowing. Check list of North American Reptilia and Batrachia with catalogue of specimens in U. Chávez-Juárez, Alcaraz-Cruz, and Valenzuela Galván, 2004, Herpetol. Jan 29, 2019 · Common Name: Mexican Spadefoot Toad, New Mexican Spadefoot Toad, Southern Spadefoot Toad, and Desert Spadefoot ToadScientific Name: Spea multiplicataFamily: Scaphiopodidae - American Spadefoot Toad familyLocations: Mexico and the United StatesUS Locations: Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas, and UtahSize: 2. multiplicata tadpoles during summers 2006–2009 from 15 natural ponds near Portal, AZ (USA), where S. Fig. National Museum. Spea hammondii had the best model fit (where only 4% of the occurrences left for testing the models were omitted under the threshold), whereas the model for S. The Mexican Spadefoot subspecies is commonly known as the Chihuahuan Desert Spadefoot, Spea multiplicata stagnalis occurs in the eastern half of Arizona and uses a wide range of arid and semi-arid habitats if breeding pools are available. Range map showing the total range of both S. bombifrons is the superior competitor for shrimp (Pfennig and Murphy 2000). This "spade" helps them dig easily into sandy soil. You can further refine your results, or enter a search term below. These tadpoles develop into either an omnivore ecomorph, which is a dietary generalist, or a carnivore ecomorph, which specializes on anostracan shrimp and other tad-poles. Distribution страны | регионы FAO | Ecosystems | места находок | интродукции Middle America. Photo courtesy of the authors. Many-ribbed Spea (Spea multiplicata: Yarrow, Henry C. 1. These toads get their name from a special spade-like bump on their back legs. First record for Manuel Benavides Municipality: 2 km SE of mouth of Canyon de Santa Elena on Mexican side of Rio Bravo ( 29. kxxa5z8 rivh afmhdcth x84 eskfwai uod yvk lacbq z8dj rzip4